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VM - Noted that his paper is an historical review of ICANN's activities and the UN's activities with reference to cybersecurity. The UN is very different from the GAC. GAC members are normally from the ICT ministries rather than foreign ministries. Thus, ICANN org need to do a lot of outreach and engagement to the capitals in the foreign ministries who participate in UN agencies.  We try to bring the factual info to them and respond to questions. Most concrete with regards to the paper, Open-ended WG; CC Group of Governmental Experts and Open-Ended Committee of Experts. 

MM - in his study, found that most people didn't know what internet fragmentation was. Discussed possible examples of internet fragmentation. Definition is a misalignment of physical borders and the internet. Noted different of alignment of the internet. Covered the constraints on alignment - global scope of internet; economic efficiency and jurisdictional paradox. Provided example of how community/ICANN worked together against concerns in the US government of the transition of ICANN away from the US government. 

Question: 

How about alternate roots - to MM: 

MM: A good example of how the internet relies on the network externality. The ICANN network is trusted , so unlikely any new root will be a new root. Russia is creating a back up system for the DNS. 

ALAC/GAC collaboration - but what is danger of collaboration when it comes to geopolitics? - MM

MM - A fear here is that the ALAC may be co-opted by the GAC. Both the ALAC and GAC have no direct input into policy development, so they work together. 

IX and control/policies. - MM 

PF -