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The working definition for an IDN Variant TLD in the proposal is a good starting point: “variant characters occur where a single conceptual character can be identified with two or more different Unicode Code Points with graphic representations that may or may not be visually similar. IDN variant TLDs contain one or more characters that have such variants.”

Wiki MarkupTo better round out the definition, two aspects should be considered: 1. That it could be possible that a string (of two or more) characters can be identified as a “base string” with IDN Variant strings containing one or more characters, and vice versa; 2. That an IDN Variant is a different domain name in the DNS\[[1]\] (according to the DNS standards), but considered to be conceptually integral with the Primary IDN.

A suggested update to the working definition may be:

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Finally, the composition of the case study teams will be crucial to the success of the studies.  Whereas a reasonable size for the teams is important to ensure workable efficiency and effectiveness, an inclusive approach, especially for observers, would also be essential for the completeness and support of the work.

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Wiki Markup\[[1]\| This is to distinguish the situation where capital letters and small letters, e.g. “A (U+0041)” and “a (U+0061)” occupy different Unicode Code Points but do not require variant considerations by policy because they are already considered identical within the DNS standards.